思维定势的一种，其社会学意义应该是维持社会稳定和共同价值取向。
以下为一哈佛佛学院的朋友对我相关问题的回信，可能有帮助。
Hi Fuyang,
I am very sorry that I didn抰 take initiation to write to you. Your questions
are clearly stated, however, they are very big questions each of them would
require a book to do their justice. I think what I will do is to share with you
some ideas related to your questions. I will alos suggest you to read 揥hat the
Buddha Taught?by Walapola Rahula, a clearly-writen book on basic teachings of
the Buddha, and I believe that you should be able to find the book in both
Chinese and English, online. Here is one Chinese translation I found -
http://book.bfnn.org/books/0535.htm
Sociologically speaking, Buddhism talks about 揵ad?things that we shouldn抰
do, such as stealing, cheating, harming, and so on so forth, for obvious
reason, that is, these actions creates bad consequences to other people and to
the society and as a result we will be affected by them. However, spiritually
speaking, unlike Christianity (for example) Buddhism does not hold the view
that there is something 揺vil?or 搃mpure?(in religious sense) inherent in
human beings. There is no divine authority to determine good and evil, pure and
impure. Stealing is bad, but it is not because some divine authority (like God)
say it is bad, but because stealing is an action motivated by greed and
generates greed in us. As a result that greedy thought generated in us will tie
us to the bad consequences associated with greed by yeli (karmic force).
Likewise, there is nothing impure inherent in us; Buddhism certainly doesn抰believe the notion of blasphemy.
As for what are to be rid of, I think, bad intentions like greed, jealousy,
hatred, etc. are to be rid of. However, it is not a simply task. There is a
chance to reduce the degree of these intentions by understanding the nature of
them (there are the causes that bring suffering to us), by cultivate good
intentions like compassion, generosity and by training our body and mind (like
meditation.. ).
As for suppression, Buddhism does not like the idea of suppression or
oppression, understanding (wisdom) is more powerful a tool for solving the
problem from its root.
I know these few lines are far from satisfactory answers to your questions. And
these ideas are by no means representative of the big term call Buddhism, a
religion with some two and a half thousand years of doctrinal development and a religion spread to and developed in countries of great cultural diversity.
Nevertheless, the early Buddhism is a good starting point for learning
Buddhism, and the book I mentioned above is on early Buddhism.
I am happy to talk with you and feel free to write!
The reason I write in English is that my Chinese typing is really slow.
Wish you all the best!
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