Donatello‘s David
This is an early work intended for a buttress of the Duomo. Like
Michelangelo's later David, it resonates with political symbolism. David became a symbol of the Florentine Republic in conflict with more powerful enemies, yet favored by God. Although this work is in marble, Donatello worked in bronze, relief, and even wood.
Donatello is often interested in the psychology of his figures. Neither the stance nor the face of David conveys a sense of pride in his victory. He wears a crown of leaves, connecting him with the heroes of antiquity.
Verrocchio's David
This statue was commissioned by the Medici family and it was sold by them in 1476 to the Signoria, the ruling body of Florence, and placed in the Palazzo Vecchio, thus gaining a republican meaning similar to Donatello's David. Here the similarity ends. There is no doubt that Verrocchio's proud hero was capable of slaying the giant. The explicitness and angularity contrast with the ambiguity and sensuousness of Donatello's - nude and vulnerable while Verrocchio's is elegantly clothed. He carries a small sword in one hand and, with his other confidently poised on his hip, looks triumphantly out at the viewer. The figure, to be viewed in the round, lacks the anatomical exaggerations and the psychological implications or complexity of Donatello's. It is, rather, perfectly chased and was meant to be appreciated for its exquisite patina.
Michelangelo's David
Michelangelo was a much revered - and much feared - artist in his time. He had "an artist's temperament," which made communicating with people awkward and sometimes unpleasant. But he loved making art, particularly sculpting, and David is one of his masterpieces.
Bernini's David
Only Bernini appears to have been specifically interested in a believable depiction of the slaying of Goliath by the youthful David. Of the four statues, certainly Bernini's is the most dramatic, the most realistic portrayal of the biblical hero. That was the objective which Bernini wished to achieve. It was really not the objective of the other three sculptors. Bernini conceived and carved his statue of David in seven months, a remarkable achievement in itself.
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